3. 1682-1725: Bond

Bond (1974) researched only German loanwords first in print during the time of Peter the Great. Bond stresses, however, that limiting the time so exactly is not always possible; some of the words might have existed in speech before this time, and then appeared in written form and/or become more widely used only in the Petrine era (p. 5). The categories are Bond's.

a) Military terms: development of the Russian army (pp. 33-45):

ad"yutant

aide-de-camp

maior

major

armiya

army

marsh

march

artilleriya

atillery

marshal

marshall

batareya

battery

mustrovat'

to muster, to drill

bombadir

bombadier

orden

to order

general

general

ofitser

officer

generalitat

the generals

pakt

pact

general-maior

major general

piket

picket

dezeritr

deserter

proviant

provisions

front

front

rang

rank

kavaleriya

cavalry

ration

ration

kvartira

quarters, (now) apartment

signal

signal

komandir

commander

shpora

spur

komendant

commandant

shturm

assault, storm

korpus

corps

magazin

supply store, magazine

leitenant

lieutenant

b) Naval Technology (pp.125-127):

fal'shbort

false board, bulwark

pirat

pirate

kompas

compass

shtil'

calm, still

machta

mast

yakhta

yacht

c) Science, Education, Arts and Crafts (pp. 68-97):

algebra

algebra

panel'

panel

arkhitekt

architect

parallelogramm

parallelogram

assistent

assistent

polirovat'

to polish

astronom

astronomer

potash

potash

atlas

atlas

proba

trial, test

eksperiment

experiment

produkt

product

fabrikant

factory

professor

professor

fakul'tat

faculty

radius

radius

feierverk

fireworks

rektor

rector

gneis

gneiss

romb

rhombus

grunt

ground

seminarist

seminarian

instrument

instrument

shpion

spy

karta

map

shprits

syringe

kobal't

cobalt

shtempel

stamp

kristall

crystal

statuya

statue

kur'er

courier

student

student

laboritoriya

laboratory

tantsmeister

dancemaster

landkarta

map

tipografiya

printing press

materiya

material, matter

torf

peat

mashina

machine

tsilinder

cylinder

(now, top hat)

medikament

medicine

universitet

university

metall

metal

vismut

bismuth

mikrometr

micrometer

opera

opera

mikroskop

microscoe

observatoriya

observatory

mineraliya

mineral

muzykant

musician

muzika

music

d. Politics, Diplomacy, Administration, Official Language (pp. 95-100):

arkhiv

archives

paragraf

paragraph

audientsiya

audience, reception

patent

patent

dekret

decress

politika

politics; policy

dokument

document

prelat

prelate

ekstrakt

extract

prezident

president

formyulyar

form (various types)

privilegiya

priviledge

kandidat

candidate

protokol

protocol

komissioner

now = agent, broker

protsess

process

kongress

congress

punkt

point

kontakt

contact

rezident

point

kontrakt

contract

senat

senate

monarkh

monarch

traktat

treaty

pakt

pact

ul'timatum

ultimatum

e. Communication, Money, Trade, Commerce (pp. 108-112):

gul'den

guilder

kreditor

creditor

kassir

cashier

negotsiant

negotiator

konosament

consignment

protsent

merchant

kredit

credit

f. Judicial Matters and Police (pp. 115-117):

advokat

lawyer

politseiskii

policeman

arest

arrest

politsiya

police

kriminalist

criminalist

tribunal

tribunal

kurator

curator

yurist

jurist, lawyer

g. Abstract Terms (pp. 132-135):

avtoritet

authority

retsidiv

relapse

interval

interval

sistema

system

kontsept

concept

stil'

style

moment

moment

tema

theme, subject

printsip

principle

teoriya

theory

progress

progress

yubilei

anniversary

proekt

project