III. TABLES OF HISTORY CITATIONS

These tables offer more complete lists of words researched and compiled by numerous lexicologists. Not all words given by an author were put into each list, because words were chosen for their recognizability today; there were many words of historic interest which were left out because they didn't fit the criteria of this paper. Also included are words cited in recent newspaper and journal articles.

The same word may appear on more than one list. In addition, specialists don't always agree as to when loanwords appeared in Russian, so some are cited in more than one time period. That's the nature of the lexis. It is everchanging, words entering the language in one sector of society, becoming popularized, or changing meaning.

Words are transliterated from their spelling in modern Russian.

A. LOANWORDS OF THE 18TH CENTURY AND EARLIER

1. 1550-1800: Huettl-Worth

Her list of words are cited from the dictionary section of Foreign Words in Russian (1963, pp. 55-123). The massive number of loanwords (from Latin and German, in particular) truly show the history of Russia from the beginning of the Latin influence to the end of Peter the Great's reign, which saw a flood of Western European influence.

abbot

abbot

antipod

antipode

avrora

aurora

antiteza

antithesis

avtonomni

autonomous

anchous

anchovy

avtor

author

aplodirovat'

to applaud

avtoritet

authority

apokalipsicheskii

apolyptic

advokat

lawyer

apofeoz

apotheosis

admiral

admiral

apteka

drugstore

akademiya

academy

aptekar'

druggist

akt

act--in play

arab

Arab

aktyor

actor

aristokratka

aristorcrat

aktrisa

actress

arifmetika

arithmetic

akustika

acoustics

arka

arch

alebarda

halberd

arkada

arcade

alegoriya

allegory

armada

armada

alfavit

alphabet

armiya

army

alkhimiya

alchemy

arteriya

artery

al'kov

alcove

artikul

article

amazonka

Amazon woman

artist

artist

ambroziya

ambrosia

arfa

harp

America

America

arkhitektura

architecture

ametist

amethyst

astrolyabia

astrolabe

amfiteatr

amphitheater

astrolog

astrologer

analiticheskii

analytical

astronom

astronomer

analogicheskii

analogical

ateist

atheist

anapest

anapest

audientsiya

audience

anarkhicheskii

anarchical

auditoriya

lecture hall

anatomiya

anatomy

aforizm

aphorism

angliiskii

English

affekt

fit of passion,

anglichanin

Englishman

affekt

temporary insanity

anekdot

anecdote

annotatisya

annotation

baza

base

bilet

ticket

balet

ballet

biskvit

spongecake

ballotirovat'

to vote for

bifshteks

steak

bal'sam

balsam

botanika

botany

balyustrada

banisters

bravo

bravo

banket

banquet

brillyant

diamond

bard

bard

bronza

bronze

barel'ev

bas-relief

buket

bouquet

barka

wooden barge

bul'var

boulevard

baron

baron

byulleten'

bulletin

bass

basso

byuro

office

bestiya

term of abuse

byust

bust

daktil'

dactyl

dialog

dialogue

dekada

decade

diametr

diameter

dekan

dean

didaktika

didactics

deklamatsiya

recitation

dizenteriya

dysentery

dekoratsiya

scenery

diktator

dictator

delikatniyi

delicate

diktovat'

to dictate

del'fin

dolphin

diftong

dipthong

demokratiya

democracy

dogmat

dogma

depozit

deposit

doza

dose

dervish

dervish

doktor

doctor

desert

dessert

domino

dominoes

definitsiya

definition

drama

drama

dialekt

dialect

duel'

duel

dialektika

dialectics

duet'

duet

egoist

egotist

epigramma

epigram

ekvator

equator

epizode

episode

ekvivalent

equivalent

epikureets

an Epicurean

eklektricheskii

eclecic

epilog

epilogue

elegiya

epitaph

epitafiya

elegy

ekstrakt

extract

epistola

epistle

elektricheskii

electrical

estetika

aesthetics

element

element

efit

ether

ellips

ellipsis

ekho

echo

emblema

emblem

effekt

effect

emigrant

emigrant

entuziasm

enthusiasm

emir

emir

empirik

empiricist

evnukh

eunuch

faza

phase

fizionomiya

physiognomy

fazan

pheasant

fiktsiya

fiction

falanga

phalanx

filosofstvovat'

to philosophize

familya

last name

flegmatichnyi

phlegmatic

fanatizm

fanaticism

fleita

flute

farmokolog

pharmacist

forma

form

fars

farce

format

format

fasad

facade

fraza

phrase

feniks

phoenix

frukt

fruit

fenomen

phenomenon

fundamental

foundation

fialka

violet

furiya

Fury

figa

fig

figura

figure

galereya

gallery

gimn

hymn

garem

harem

giperbola

hyperbole

garmoniya

harmony

girlyanda

garland

gegemoniya

hegemony

gitara

guitar

geksametr

hexameter

gletcher

glacier

genii

genius

gospital'

hospital

geografiya

geography

grammatika

grammar

geodesiya

geodesy

granat

pomegranate

geometriya

geometry

grot

grotto

geroi

hero

gruppa

group

idilliya

idyll

ironiya

irony

ierarkhiya

hierarchy

isterika

hysterical

illyuminatsiya

ilumination

invalid

invalid

imam

imam

inkognito

incognito

imperator

emperor

instrument

instrument

imperatritsiya

empress

istorik

historian

imperiya

empire

istoriya

history

kalendar'

calendar

klub

club

kalif

caliph

kodeks

code

kamfora

camphor

koketka

coquette

kandidat

candidate

kollektsiya

collection

kantata

cantata

kolondada

collonade

kanton

canton

koloss

colossus

kantselyariya

chancellory

komediya

comedy

kantsler

chancellor

kometa

comet

kapitan

captain

konsul

consul

karabin

carbine

kontrakt

contrct

karavan

caravan

kopiya

copy

karikatura

caricature

koran

Koran

karta

map

koriandr

coriander

katalog

catalogue

korona

crown

katar

catarrh

korpus

body

katolik

Catholic

kosmopolit

cosmopolitan

kvadrat

square

kofe

coffee

kvaker

Quaker

kreditor

creditor

kvarta

quart

krizis

crisis

klass

class

kristall

crystal

klassicheskii

classical

kritik

critic

klerk

clerk

krokus

crocus

klient

client

khimiya

chemistry

khameleon

chameleon

khaos

chaos

khor

choir

khimera

chimera

khronologiya

chronology

kharakteristika

characteristic

labirint

labyrinth

letargiya

lethargy

lavr

laurel

liniya

line

lakonicheskii

laconic

lira

lyre

lampa

lamp

liricheskii

lyrical

legat

legate

literator

literary person

ledi

lady

literatura

literature

leksika

lexis

litsenziya

license

lekstiya

lecture

logika

logic

leopard

leopard

lozha

loge

mavr

Moor

mizernyi

meagre

magistr

master

militsiya

militia

magiya

magic

million

million

magnetizm

magnetism

milya

mile

madrigal'

madrigal

mimika

mimicry

maior

major

mina

mien

mandarin

mandarin

minaret

minaret

mandat

mandate

minsterstvo

ministry

manuskript

manuscript

minuta

minute

maska

mask

miriady

myriad

maskarad

masquerade

miss

Miss

massa

mass

mistika

mysticism

master

master

mitra

mitre

matematika

mathematics

moda

fashion

materiya

material

momental'no

at once

matrona

matron

monarkh

monarch

medal'

medal

monstr

monster

medal'on

medallion

monolog

monologue

melankholiya

melancholy

mekhanizm

mechanizm

melodiya

melody

monument

monument

melodrama

melodrama

moral'nyi

moral

menuet

minuet

muzei

museum

meridian

meridian

mul

mule

metamorfoz

metamorphosis

mumiya

mummy

metafizika

metaphysics

muskul

muscle

metafora

metaphor

musul'manin

Moslem

metodist

Methodist

mufti

mufti

metr

meter

mushket

musket

mekhanika

mechanics

muedzin

muezzin

natura

nature

nerv

nerve

natsional'nost'

nationality

nimfa

nymph

naglizhe

negligee

nota

note

nektar

nectar

notarius

notary

ob"ekt

object

optimist

optimist

oda

ode

orator

orator

okulist

oculist

oratoriya

oratory

oliva

olive

organizatsiya

organization

olimpiada

Olympiad

orden

order

oniks

onyx

ordinarnyi

ordinary

ontologoya

ontology

orkestr

orchestra

operetka

operetta

ornitologiya

ornithology

optika

optics

orfografiya

orthography

otel'

hotel

pal'ma

palm

portal

portal

pantomima

pantomime

portik

portico

paradigma

paradigm

potash

potash

paradoks

paradox

poet

poet

paralich

paralysis

poetika

poetics

parafraza

paraphrase

poeziya

poetry

park

park

praktika

practice

parket

parquet

prezident

president

parmezan

Parmesan cheese

prelat

prelate

passazhir

passenger

prelyuda

prelude

patalogiya

pathology

proba

experiment

patron

patron

provintsiya

province

pedagog

pedagogue, teacher

prognostika

prognostics

pedant

pedant

prozhekt

project

pekar'

baker

proza

prose

pelikan

pelican

prolog

prologue

period

period

prosodiya

prosody

peripatetik

peripatetic

protestant

Protestant

persona

person

professor

professor

pifagoreiskii

Pythagorean

prosessiya

procession

planeta

planet

psikhologiya

psychology

platonicheskii

Platonic

publika

public, audience

polip

polyp

puding

pudding

politsiya

police

pudra

powder

polyarnyi

polar

pul's

pulse

pompa

pomp

punkt

point

port

harbor

punsh

punch = drink

rel'ef

relief

rozmarin

rosemary

respekt

respect

rol'

role

respublika

republic

rom

rum

restorantyor

restaurant keeper

romantik

Romantic

reformatsiya

reformation

rotonda

rotunda

rifma

rhythm

ruina

ruin

salat

salad, lettuce

skul'ptura

sculpture

sangvinik

sanguine person

sous

sauce

satir

satyr

sofa

sofa

satira

satire

sofist

sofist

satrap

satrap

sparzha

asparagus

sekret

secret

spektakl'

play, performance

sekretar'

secretary

splin

spleen

sekta

sect

spondei

spondee

stal'

steel (where Stalin took his name)

senator

senator

sikomor

sycamore

statisticheskii

statistical

sillogizm

syllogism

stoik

Stoic

simmetricheskii

symmetrical

struktura

structure

simpatiya

reciprocal liking

student

college student

sinagoga

synagogue

substantsiya

substance

sinod

synod

subtil'nyi

slender

sintaksis

syntax

sub"ekt

subject

sirop

syrup

sup

soup

sistema

system

sfera

sphere

skelet

skeleton

skizma

schism

skeptik

sceptic

stsena

stage

shal'

shawl

sherif

sheriff

shampanskoe

champagne

shilling

Schilling

sharlatan

charlatan

shokolad

chocolate

sheikh

sheik

shpinat

spinach

sherbet

sherbet

shturmovat'

to assault

taverna

tavern

tipografiya

printing house

talant

talent

tiran

tyrant

talisman

talisman

titan

titan

tanets

dance

titul

title

tansovat'

to dance

ton

manner of speech

tansyor

dancer

topografiya

typography

teatr

theater

tost

toast

takst

text

tragediya

tragedy

temperament

temperament

tragik

writer of tragedies

teologiya

theology

tribuna

tribune, platform

teorema

theorem

triumf

triumph

teoriya

theory

tron

throne

termometr

thermometer

trokhei

trochee

terpentin

turpentine

truppa

troupe, company

terrasa

terrace

tualet

toilet=act of dressing

tigr

tiger

tip

type; fellow

tsentr

center

tsinik

cynic

tseremoniya

ceremony

tsisterna

cistern

utopiya

utopia

varvarizm

barbarism

virtuoz

virtuoso

vaza

vase

vodevil'

vaudeville

vena

vein

volontyor

volunteer

veteran

veteran

vulkan

volcano

vikont

viscount

yakobintsy

Jacobin

yamb

iamb

zal

hall

zhasmin

jasmine

zenit

zenith

zhest

gesture

zodiak

zodiac

zhurnalist

journalist